Hyperledger Fabric定制联盟链网络工程实践

前言

总体来看，网络上成体系的可用的 Fabric 教程极少——不是直接在 Fabric 官网复制内容大谈基础理论就是在描述一个几乎无法复现的项目实践，以至于学习 Fabric 的效率极低，印象最深刻的就是我曾经花费几天时间尝试按照官方教程 CA Deployment steps 搭建自己的 CA 服务，却始终无法成功也找不到原因。因此，为了提高生产效率，本项目虚拟了一个工作室联盟链需求并将逐步实现，致力于提供一个易理解、可复现的Fabric学习项目，其中项目部署步骤的各个环节都清晰可见，并且将所有过程打包为脚本使之能够被快速复现在任何一台主机上。

工程介绍

组织架构

有一启明星工作室，其中包含三大组织：软件组、WEB组、硬件组、理事会，不同组织间相互独立，偶尔有业务往来。现理事会决定搭建一个启明星工作室的联盟链网络，使不同组织间加强合作，期望最终实现以下工程架构：

组织说明
- council：理事会，负责工作室各组间协调管理，由三组抽调人员共同组成
- soft：软件组，专注软件开发
- hard：硬件组，专注硬件开发
- web：WEB组，专注网站开发
- orderer：过渡排序组织，为联盟链网络提供排序服务，后期会舍弃
成员说明
- council：一个Orderer节点、三个Admin账号，每组拥有一个Admin账号权限
- soft：一个Orderer节点、一个Peer节点、一个Admin账号、一个User账号
- hard：一个Orderer节点、一个Peer节点、一个Admin账号、一个User账号
- web：一个Orderer节点、一个Peer节点、一个Admin账号、一个User账号
- orderer：一个Orderer节点、一个Admin账号
根CA服务器（域名）
- council.fantasy.com ：提供/管理组织间的TLS证书，又叫TLS CA服务器
- soft.fantasy.com ：提供/管理组织内TLS证书
- hard.fantasy.com ：提供/管理组织内TLS证书
- web.fantasy.com ：提供/管理组织内TLS证书
- orderer.fantasy.com ：提供/管理组织内TLS证书

实验准备

在开始前，如果你对 Fabric 命令知之甚少，可以先学习fabric的test-network启动过程Bash源码详解；此外应准备好 Fabric 的开发环境，具体环境搭建和软件版本可参考基于Debian搭建Hyperledger Fabric 2.4开发环境及运行简单案例。为了方便区分各组织和节点，本工程使用域名的方式进行各节点间的通信，以 web 组织为例，域名分配规范如下：

域名	说明
peer1.web.ifantasy.net	web组第一个 peer 节点地址
peer2.web.ifantasy.net	web组第二个 peer 节点地址
orderer1.web.ifantasy.net	web组第一个 orderer 节点地址

此外，还需要在 \etc\hosts 文件添加 DNS 地址（示例）：

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echo "127.0.0.1       council.ifantasy.net" >> /etc/hosts
echo "127.0.0.1       orderer.ifantasy.net" >> /etc/hosts
echo "127.0.0.1       soft.ifantasy.net" >> /etc/hosts
echo "127.0.0.1       web.ifantasy.net" >> /etc/hosts

echo "127.0.0.1       orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net" >> /etc/hosts

echo "127.0.0.1       peer1.soft.ifantasy.net" >> /etc/hosts
echo "127.0.0.1       peer1.web.ifantasy.net" >> /etc/hosts

本文工作

本项目主要以学习为主，所以并未期望一次实现所有架构和功能。本文所实现的具体内容为，搭建一个简单的工作室联盟链网络，包含 council 、 orderer 、 soft 、 web 四个组织，并将测试链码部署在通道 mychannel ，网络结构为（实验代码已上传至：https://github.com/wefantasy/FabricLearn 的 1_3Org2Peer1Orderer1TLS 目录下）：

项	运行端口	说明
council.ifantasy.net	7050	council 组织的 CA 服务，为联盟链网络提供 TLS-CA 服务
orderer.ifantasy.net	7150	orderer 组织的 CA 服务，为联盟链网络提供排序服务
orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net	7151	orderer 组织的 orderer1 成员节点
soft.ifantasy.net	7250	soft 组织的 CA 服务，包含成员： peer1 、 admin1
peer1.soft.ifantasy.net	7251	soft 组织的 peer1 成员节点
web.ifantasy.net	7350	web 组织的 CA 服务，包含成员： peer1 、 admin1
peer1.web.ifantasy.net	7351	web 组织的 peer1 成员节点

其它说明

个人觉得 Fabric 官方示例的证书结构过于冗余，为了便于自己理解，本工程证书结构跟一般 Fabric 有所出入，先将本工程各文件目录说明如下：

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1_3Org2Peer1Orderer1TLS
├── setDNS.sh              # 设置本实验所需的DNS
├── 0_Restart.sh           # 启动基本 CA 网络脚本
├── 1_RegisterUser.sh      # 注册账户脚本
├── 2_EnrollUser.sh        # 登录账户脚本
├── 3_Configtxgen.sh       # 生成创世区块脚本
├── 4_TestChaincode.sh     # 链码测试脚本
├── asset-transfer-basic   # 测试链码目录
├── basic.tar.gz           # 打包后的链码包
├── compose                # Docker配置目录
│   ├── docker-base.yaml      # 基础通用配置
│   └── docker-compose.yaml   # 具体 Docker 配置
├── config                 # Fabric 公共配置目录
│   ├── config-msp.yaml    # 节点组织单元配置文件
│   ├── configtx.yaml      # 初始通道配置
│   ├── orderer.yaml      # orderer 节点配置，osnadmin 的配置文件
│   └── core.yaml          # peer 配置
├── data                   # 临时数据目录
├── envpeer1soft           # soft 组织的 peer1 cli环境变量
├── envpeer1web            # web 组织的peer1 cli环境变量
├── orgs                   # 组织成员证书目录
│   ├── council.ifantasy.net  # council 组织目录
│   ├── orderer.ifantasy.net  # orderer 组织目录
│   ├── web.ifantasy.net      # web组织目录
│   └── soft.ifantasy.net     # soft 组织目录
│       ├── assets            # 组织公共材料目录
│       │   ├── ca-cert.pem      # 本组织根证书
│       │   ├── mychannel.block  # mychannel 通道创世区块
│       │   └── tls-ca-cert.pem  # TLS-CA 服务根证书
│       ├── ca             # 本组织 CA 服务目录
│       │   ├── admin      # 本组织 CA 服务引导管理员 msp 目录
│       │   └── crypto     # 本组织 CA 服务默认证书目录
│       ├── msp               # 组织 MSP 目录
│       │   ├── admincerts    # 组织管理员签名证书目录
│       │   ├── cacerts       # 组织 CA 服务根证书目录
│       │   ├── config.yaml   # 组织节点单元配置文件
│       │   ├── tlscacerts    # TLS-CA 服务根证书目录
│       │   └── users         # 空目录，msp 规范所需
│       └── registers         # 本组织注册的账户目录
│           ├── admin1        # 管理员账户
│           └── peer1         # 节点账户
└── README.md              

实验步骤

实验准备

首先将基于Debian搭建Hyperledger Fabric 2.4开发环境及运行简单案例中的/usr/local/fabric/config目录复制到根目录下。如无特殊说明，环境变量FABRIC_CFG_PATH总是默认指向根目录的config目录（建议直接将本案例仓库 FabricLearn 下的 1_3Org2Peer1Orderer1TLS 目录拷贝到本地运行）。

fabric 提供一个 fabric-tools 镜像用于提供操作 peer 节点的命令行，其实现方式是在启动 fabric-tools 时指定 peer 节点的身份证书等环境变量，此外我们也可以直接将这些环境变量写入一个文件中然后通过 source 命令激活。在根目录下创建 envpeer1soft 文件，用于保存 soft 组织的环境变量，写入以下内容：

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export LOCAL_ROOT_PATH=$PWD
export LOCAL_CA_PATH=$LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/orgs
export DOCKER_CA_PATH=/tmp
export COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME=fabriclearn
export DOCKER_NETWORKS=network
export FABRIC_BASE_VERSION=2.4
export FABRIC_CA_VERSION=1.5

配置TLS服务

在根目录下创建 compose 文件夹，用于储存 docker-compose 配置文件。
在 compose 下创建 docker-base.yaml 文件，用于写入公共服务配置，先写入以下内容：

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version: "2"

services:
  ca-base:
    image: hyperledger/fabric-ca:${FABRIC_CA_VERSION}
    environment:
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_HOME=${DOCKER_CA_PATH}/ca/crypto
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_TLS_ENABLED=true
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_DEBUG=true
    networks:
      - ${DOCKER_NETWORKS}

在 compose 下创建 docker-compose.yaml 文件，用于配置工程 docker 容器，写入 council 、 orderer 、 soft 、 web 的 TLS 服务配置：

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version: '2'
networks:
  network:

services:
  council.ifantasy.net:
    container_name: council.ifantasy.net
    extends:
      file: docker-base.yaml
      service: ca-base
    command: sh -c 'fabric-ca-server start -d -b ca-admin:ca-adminpw --port 7050'
    environment:
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CSR_CN=council.ifantasy.net
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CSR_HOSTS=council.ifantasy.net
    volumes:
      - ${LOCAL_CA_PATH}/council.ifantasy.net/ca:${DOCKER_CA_PATH}/ca
    ports:
      - 7050:7050

  orderer.ifantasy.net:
    container_name: orderer.ifantasy.net
    extends:
      file: docker-base.yaml
      service: ca-base
    command: sh -c 'fabric-ca-server start -d -b ca-admin:ca-adminpw --port 7050'
    environment:
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CSR_CN=orderer.ifantasy.net
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CSR_HOSTS=orderer.ifantasy.net
    volumes:
      - ${LOCAL_CA_PATH}/orderer.ifantasy.net/ca:${DOCKER_CA_PATH}/ca
    ports:
      - 7150:7050

  soft.ifantasy.net:
    container_name: soft.ifantasy.net
    extends:
      file: docker-base.yaml
      service: ca-base
    command: sh -c 'fabric-ca-server start -d -b ca-admin:ca-adminpw --port 7050'
    environment:
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CSR_CN=soft.ifantasy.net
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CSR_HOSTS=soft.ifantasy.net
    volumes:
      - ${LOCAL_CA_PATH}/soft.ifantasy.net/ca:${DOCKER_CA_PATH}/ca
    ports:
      - 7250:7050

  web.ifantasy.net:
    container_name: web.ifantasy.net
    extends:
      file: docker-base.yaml
      service: ca-base
    command: sh -c 'fabric-ca-server start -d -b ca-admin:ca-adminpw --port 7050'
    environment:
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CSR_CN=web.ifantasy.net
      - FABRIC_CA_SERVER_CSR_HOSTS=web.ifantasy.net
    volumes:
      - ${LOCAL_CA_PATH}/web.ifantasy.net/ca:${DOCKER_CA_PATH}/ca
    ports:
      - 7350:7050

启动各组织的 TLS 服务：

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source envpeer1soft
docker-compose -f $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/compose/docker-compose.yaml up -d council.ifantasy.net orderer.ifantasy.net soft.ifantasy.net web.ifantasy.net

注册账户

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export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/council.ifantasy.net/ca/crypto/ca-cert.pem
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/council.ifantasy.net/ca/admin

然后使用 enroll 登录引导账户，它会以 FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES 指向的 CA 服务器根证书加密通信，并将生成的身份证书保存在 FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME 指向的工作目录下¹：

`1`	`fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://ca-admin:[email protected]:7050`

注意： enroll 操作结果是保存账号的身份证书至指定目录下，以后就可以直接根据该目录下的证书来使用对应身份，跟传统 web 系统的登录操作类似所以被我称为登录，但实际上有所区别。

然后便可以 ca-admin 身份进行注册其它用户的操作：

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fabric-ca-client register -d --id.name orderer1 --id.secret orderer1 --id.type orderer -u https://council.ifantasy.net:7050
fabric-ca-client register -d --id.name peer1soft --id.secret peer1soft --id.type peer -u https://council.ifantasy.net:7050
fabric-ca-client register -d --id.name peer1web --id.secret peer1web --id.type peer -u https://council.ifantasy.net:7050

council 为其它组织提供 TLS-CA 服务的具体实现就是为其它组织提供 council 可验证的合法账户，其他组织使用这些账户进行通信就是可信的。后面注册步骤与上面类似，故不再赘述。

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export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/ca/crypto/ca-cert.pem
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/ca/admin
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://ca-admin:[email protected]:7150
fabric-ca-client register -d --id.name orderer1 --id.secret orderer1 --id.type orderer -u https://orderer.ifantasy.net:7150
fabric-ca-client register -d --id.name admin1 --id.secret admin1 --id.type admin -u https://orderer.ifantasy.net:7150

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export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/ca/crypto/ca-cert.pem
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/ca/admin
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://ca-admin:[email protected]:7250
fabric-ca-client register -d --id.name peer1 --id.secret peer1 --id.type peer -u https://soft.ifantasy.net:7250
fabric-ca-client register -d --id.name admin1 --id.secret admin1 --id.type admin -u https://soft.ifantasy.net:7250

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export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/ca/crypto/ca-cert.pem
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/ca/admin
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://ca-admin:[email protected]:7350
fabric-ca-client register -d --id.name peer1 --id.secret peer1 --id.type peer -u https://web.ifantasy.net:7350
fabric-ca-client register -d --id.name admin1 --id.secret admin1 --id.type admin -u https://web.ifantasy.net:7350

构造组织成员证书

在各组织下创建 assets 目录，用于储存本组织根证书和用于组间通信的 LTS-CA 根证书：

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mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/assets
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/ca/crypto/ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/council.ifantasy.net/ca/crypto/ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem

mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/ca/crypto/ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/council.ifantasy.net/ca/crypto/ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem

mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets 
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/ca/crypto/ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/council.ifantasy.net/ca/crypto/ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem

构造 orderer 组织成员证书。
登录 orderer 管理员账户 admin1 ：

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export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_MSPDIR=msp
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://admin1:[email protected]:7150

注意：这里是登录上节我们注册的管理员账户而非启动 CA 服务时的引导账户，引导账户跟管理员账户的区别也是我至今难以理解的地方

以上命令成功后便可以看到 FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME/FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_MSPDIR 目录下生成的证书文件。然后需要构造 admin1 的 msp 目录：

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mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/admincerts
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/signcerts/cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/admincerts/cert.pem

这里的操作仅仅是将 admin1 的签名证书复制到新建的 admincerts 文件夹下，这样做的原因是 Fabric 的 MSP 规范要求其下需有 admincerts 目录，否则后面操作组织 peer 节点时会报错，因此建议在所有联盟链网络服务节点的 msp 目录下添加 admincerts 证书。然后登录 orderer 的 orderer1 的组织内账户：

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export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/orderer1
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_MSPDIR=msp
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://orderer1:[email protected]:7150
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/orderer1/msp/admincerts
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/signcerts/cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/orderer1/msp/admincerts/cert.pem

然后登录 orderer 的 orderer1 的组织间 TLS-CA 账户：

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export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_MSPDIR=tls-msp
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://orderer1:[email protected]:7050 --enrollment.profile tls --csr.hosts orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/orderer1/tls-msp/keystore/*_sk $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/orderer1/tls-msp/keystore/key.pem

最后一步便是构造 orderer 的组织 MSP 目录²（MSP 目录说明可参考 MSP结构）：

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mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/msp/admincerts
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/msp/cacerts
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/msp/tlscacerts
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/msp/users
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/msp/cacerts/
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/msp/tlscacerts/
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/signcerts/cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/msp/admincerts/cert.pem
cp $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/config/config-msp.yaml $LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/msp/config.yaml

上面命令最后一行会在组织 msp 目录下添加节点组织单元配置文件 config.yaml ，其原理可以参考节点组织单元和MSP ，如果缺少该文件或者文件内容错误，会报以下错误：

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loadLocalMSP -> Failed to setup local msp with config: administrators must be declared when no admin ou classification is set

后面的流程跟这里类似，因此不再赘述。

构造 soft 组织成员证书：

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echo "Start Soft============================="
echo "Enroll Admin"
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_MSPDIR=msp
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://admin1:[email protected]:7250
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/admincerts
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/signcerts/cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/admincerts/cert.pem

echo "Enroll Peer1"
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_MSPDIR=msp
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://peer1:[email protected]:7250
# for TLS
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_MSPDIR=tls-msp
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://peer1soft:[email protected]:7050 --enrollment.profile tls --csr.hosts peer1.soft.ifantasy.net
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1/tls-msp/keystore/*_sk $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1/tls-msp/keystore/key.pem
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1/msp/admincerts
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/signcerts/cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1/msp/admincerts/cert.pem

mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/msp/admincerts
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/msp/cacerts
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/msp/tlscacerts
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/msp/users
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/msp/cacerts/
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/msp/tlscacerts/
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/signcerts/cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/msp/admincerts/cert.pem
cp $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/config/config-msp.yaml $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/msp/config.yaml
echo "End Soft============================="

构造 web 组织成员证书：

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echo "Start Web============================="
echo "Enroll Admin"
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_MSPDIR=msp
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://admin1:[email protected]:7350
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/admincerts
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/signcerts/cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/admincerts/cert.pem

echo "Enroll Peer1"
# for identity
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_MSPDIR=msp
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://peer1:[email protected]:7350
# for TLS
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_MSPDIR=tls-msp
export FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_TLS_CERTFILES=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem
fabric-ca-client enroll -d -u https://peer1web:[email protected]:7050 --enrollment.profile tls --csr.hosts peer1.web.ifantasy.net
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1/tls-msp/keystore/*_sk $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1/tls-msp/keystore/key.pem
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1/msp/admincerts
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/signcerts/cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1/msp/admincerts/cert.pem

mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/msp/admincerts
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/msp/cacerts
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/msp/tlscacerts
mkdir -p $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/msp/users
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets/ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/msp/cacerts/
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/msp/tlscacerts/
cp $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp/signcerts/cert.pem $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/msp/admincerts/cert.pem
cp $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/config/config-msp.yaml $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/msp/config.yaml
echo "End Web============================="

配置系统通道及测试通道

在 config 目录下创建 configtx.yaml 配置文件，文件太长在此不做展示，可以在 FabricLearn 中查看，其中各项已加说明注释³。

通过 configtxgen 生成创世区块和测试通道：

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configtxgen -profile OrgsOrdererGenesis -outputBlock $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/data/genesis.block -channelID syschannel
configtxgen -profile OrgsChannel -outputCreateChannelTx $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/data/mychannel.tx -channelID mychannel

在 compose/docker-compose.yaml 文件中添加 peer 和 orderer 服务相关配置：

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peer1.soft.ifantasy.net:
 container_name: peer1.soft.ifantasy.net
 extends:
   file: docker-base.yaml
   service: peer-base
 environment:
   - CORE_PEER_ID=peer1.soft.ifantasy.net
   - CORE_PEER_ADDRESS=peer1.soft.ifantasy.net:7051
   - CORE_PEER_LOCALMSPID=softMSP
   - CORE_PEER_GOSSIP_EXTERNALENDPOINT=peer1.soft.ifantasy.net:7051
 volumes:
   - ${LOCAL_CA_PATH}/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1:${DOCKER_CA_PATH}/peer
 ports:
   - 7251:7051
peer1.web.ifantasy.net:
   container_name: peer1.web.ifantasy.net
   extends:
      file: docker-base.yaml
      service: peer-base
   environment:
      - CORE_PEER_ID=peer1.web.ifantasy.net
      - CORE_PEER_ADDRESS=peer1.web.ifantasy.net:7051
      - CORE_PEER_LOCALMSPID=webMSP
      - CORE_PEER_GOSSIP_EXTERNALENDPOINT=peer1.web.ifantasy.net:7051
   volumes:
      - ${LOCAL_CA_PATH}/web.ifantasy.net/registers/peer1:${DOCKER_CA_PATH}/peer
   ports:
      - 7351:7051
orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net:
   container_name: orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net
   extends:
      file: docker-base.yaml
      service: orderer-base
   environment:
      - ORDERER_HOST=orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net
      - ORDERER_GENERAL_LOCALMSPID=ordererMSP
   volumes:
      - ${LOCAL_CA_PATH}/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/orderer1:${DOCKER_CA_PATH}/orderer
      - ${LOCAL_ROOT_PATH}/data/genesis.block:${DOCKER_CA_PATH}/orderer/genesis.block
   ports:
      - 7151:7777

启动 peer 和 orderer 服务：

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docker-compose -f $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/compose/docker-compose.yaml up -d peer1.soft.ifantasy.net peer1.web.ifantasy.net orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net

此时我们已经启动了所有联盟链网络所需的容器如下：

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(base) root@DebianA:1_3Org2Peer1Orderer1TLS# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                            COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                              NAMES
1c59b88fa847   hyperledger/fabric-peer:2.4      "peer node start"        8 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds       0.0.0.0:7251->7051/tcp             peer1.soft.ifantasy.net
3906338f6861   hyperledger/fabric-peer:2.4      "peer node start"        8 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds       0.0.0.0:7351->7051/tcp             peer1.web.ifantasy.net
9f127a054343   hyperledger/fabric-orderer:2.4   "orderer"                8 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds       7050/tcp, 0.0.0.0:7151->7777/tcp   orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net
949abd8f7070   hyperledger/fabric-ca:1.5        "sh -c 'fabric-ca-se…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour   7054/tcp, 0.0.0.0:7150->7050/tcp   orderer.ifantasy.net
011fe2b36c01   hyperledger/fabric-ca:1.5        "sh -c 'fabric-ca-se…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:7050->7050/tcp, 7054/tcp   council.ifantasy.net
207879f5bb33   hyperledger/fabric-ca:1.5        "sh -c 'fabric-ca-se…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour   7054/tcp, 0.0.0.0:7350->7050/tcp   web.ifantasy.net
d1850c86e096   hyperledger/fabric-ca:1.5        "sh -c 'fabric-ca-se…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour   7054/tcp, 0.0.0.0:7250->7050/tcp   soft.ifantasy.net

补全根目录中 envpeer1soft 的环境变量：

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export LOCAL_ROOT_PATH=$PWD
export LOCAL_CA_PATH=$LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/orgs
export DOCKER_CA_PATH=/tmp
export COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME=fabriclearn
export DOCKER_NETWORKS=network
export FABRIC_BASE_VERSION=2.4
export FABRIC_CA_VERSION=1.5
echo "init terminal soft"
export FABRIC_CFG_PATH=$LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/config
export CORE_PEER_TLS_ENABLED=true
export CORE_PEER_LOCALMSPID="softMSP"
export CORE_PEER_ADDRESS=peer1.soft.ifantasy.net:7251
export CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem
export CORE_PEER_MSPCONFIGPATH=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp
export ORDERER_CA=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/orderer1/tls-msp/tlscacerts/tls-council-ifantasy-net-7050.pem

复制 envpeer1soft 为 envpeer1web 作为 web 组织的环境变量：

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export LOCAL_ROOT_PATH=$PWD
export LOCAL_CA_PATH=$LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/orgs
export DOCKER_CA_PATH=/tmp
export COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME=fabriclearn
export DOCKER_NETWORKS=network
export FABRIC_BASE_VERSION=2.4
export FABRIC_CA_VERSION=1.5
echo "init terminal web"
export FABRIC_CFG_PATH=$LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/config
export CORE_PEER_TLS_ENABLED=true
export CORE_PEER_LOCALMSPID="webMSP"
export CORE_PEER_ADDRESS=peer1.web.ifantasy.net:7351
export CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets/tls-ca-cert.pem
export CORE_PEER_MSPCONFIGPATH=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/registers/admin1/msp
export ORDERER_CA=$LOCAL_CA_PATH/orderer.ifantasy.net/registers/orderer1/tls-msp/tlscacerts/tls-council-ifantasy-net-7050.pem

通过 soft 创建 mychannel 测试通道的创世区块：

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source envpeer1soft
peer channel create -c mychannel -f $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/data/mychannel.tx -o orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net:7151 --tls --cafile $ORDERER_CA --outputBlock $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/data/mychannel.block

如果出现以下错误，请检查环境变量 FABRIC_CFG_PATH 所指目录是否包含 core.yaml 配置文件：

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InitCmd -> ERRO 001 Fatal error when initializing core config : Could not find config file. Please make sure that FABRIC_CFG_PATH is set to a path which contains core.yaml

如果出现以下错误，请检查环境变量 CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE 是否指向 TLS-CA 根证书、环境变量 ORDERER_CA 是否指向 orderer1 的 TLS-CA 根证书：

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ERRO 002 Client TLS handshake failed after 1.116738ms with error: x509: certificate is not valid for any names, but wanted to match localhost remoteaddress=127.0.0.1:7151

将 mychannel 创世区块复制到其成员组织目录：

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cp $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/data/mychannel.block $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets/
cp $LOCAL_ROOT_PATH/data/mychannel.block $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets/

分别通过成员组织的 cli 加入通道：

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source envpeer1soft
peer channel join -b $LOCAL_CA_PATH/soft.ifantasy.net/assets/mychannel.block
source envpeer1web
peer channel join -b $LOCAL_CA_PATH/web.ifantasy.net/assets/mychannel.block

如果出现以下错误，请检查环境变量 CORE_PEER_ADDRESS 是否与对应组织的 docker 配置中的 peer 地址和端口是否一致：

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Client TLS handshake failed after 1.554615ms with error: x509: certificate is valid for peer1soft, peer1.soft.ifantasy.net, not soft.ifantasy.net remoteaddress=127.0.0.1:7251

成功后，便可通过 peer channel getinfo -c mychannel 查看已加入通道：

https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/wefantasy/FileCloud/img/hyperledger_fabric_1_custom_our_network-2022-04-05-11-09-27.png — 查看已加入通道

安装/测试链码

soft 打包并安装链码：

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source envpeer1soft
peer lifecycle chaincode package basic.tar.gz --path asset-transfer-basic/chaincode-go --label basic_1
peer lifecycle chaincode install basic.tar.gz

安装成功后，可使用 peer lifecycle chaincode queryinstalled 命令查询已安装链码信息（其中 Package ID 需要记下来）：

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(base) root@DebianA:1_3Org2Peer1Orderer1TLS# peer lifecycle chaincode queryinstalled
Installed chaincodes on peer:
Package ID: basic_1:06613e463ef6694805dd896ca79634a2de36fdf019fa7976467e6e632104d718, Label: basic_1

web 安装链码：

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source envpeer1web
peer lifecycle chaincode install basic.tar.gz

设置链码 ID 环境变量：

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export CHAINCODE_ID=basic_1:06613e463ef6694805dd896ca79634a2de36fdf019fa7976467e6e632104d718

soft 和 web 批准链码：

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source envpeer1soft
peer lifecycle chaincode approveformyorg -o orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net:7151 --tls --cafile $ORDERER_CA  --channelID mychannel --name basic --version 1.0 --sequence 1 --waitForEvent --init-required --package-id $CHAINCODE_ID
source envpeer1web
peer lifecycle chaincode approveformyorg -o orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net:7151 --tls --cafile $ORDERER_CA  --channelID mychannel --name basic --version 1.0 --sequence 1 --waitForEvent --init-required --package-id $CHAINCODE_ID

批准后，可使用以下命令查看本组织的链码批准情况：

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(base) root@DebianA:1_3Org2Peer1Orderer1TLS# peer lifecycle chaincode queryapproved -C mychannel -n basic --sequence 1
Approved chaincode definition for chaincode 'basic' on channel 'mychannel':
sequence: 1, version: 1.0, init-required: true, package-id: basic_1:06613e463ef6694805dd896ca79634a2de36fdf019fa7976467e6e632104d718, endorsement plugin: escc, validation plugin: vscc

也可使用以下命令查看指定链码是否已准备好被提交：

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(base) root@DebianA:1_3Org2Peer1Orderer1TLS# peer lifecycle chaincode checkcommitreadiness -o orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net:7151 --tls --cafile $ORDERER_CA --channelID mychannel --name basic --version 1.0 --sequence 1 --init-required
Chaincode definition for chaincode 'basic', version '1.0', sequence '1' on channel 'mychannel' approval status by org:
softMSP: true
webMSP: true

使用任意合法组织提交链码：

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source envpeer1soft
peer lifecycle chaincode commit -o orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net:7151 --tls --cafile $ORDERER_CA --channelID mychannel --name basic --init-required --version 1.0 --sequence 1 --peerAddresses peer1.soft.ifantasy.net:7251 --tlsRootCertFiles $CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE --peerAddresses peer1.web.ifantasy.net:7351 --tlsRootCertFiles $CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE

可使用以下命令查看链码提交情况：

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peer lifecycle chaincode querycommitted --channelID mychannel --name basic -o orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net:7151 --tls --cafile $ORDERER_CA --peerAddresses peer1.soft.ifantasy.net:7251 --tlsRootCertFiles $CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE

初始化链码（非必须）：

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peer chaincode invoke --isInit -o orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net:7151 --tls --cafile $ORDERER_CA --channelID mychannel --name basic --peerAddresses peer1.soft.ifantasy.net:7251 --tlsRootCertFiles $CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE --peerAddresses peer1.web.ifantasy.net:7351 --tlsRootCertFiles $CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE -c '{"Args":["InitLedger"]}'

其中带 –isInit 参数表示当前调用为链码初始化调用，在不需要初始化的链码中可以省略此步骤。如果出现下列错误，请检查：

整个 docker 内的 networks 的值必须为 ${DOCKER_NETWORKS}
环境变量中 COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME 和 DOCKER_NETWORKS 是否被赋值、
docker-base.yaml 中 CORE_VM_DOCKER_HOSTCONFIG_NETWORKMODE 的值必须是 ${COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME}_${DOCKER_NETWORKS}

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error starting container: error starting container: API error (404): network hyperledger_fabric-ca not found"

调用链码：

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peer chaincode invoke -o orderer1.orderer.ifantasy.net:7151 --tls --cafile $ORDERER_CA --channelID mychannel --name basic --peerAddresses peer1.soft.ifantasy.net:7251 --tlsRootCertFiles $CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE --peerAddresses peer1.web.ifantasy.net:7351 --tlsRootCertFiles $CORE_PEER_TLS_ROOTCERT_FILE -c '{"Args":["GetAllAssets"]}'

如果出现下列错误，请检查 approveformyorg 的链码包 ID 与 install 的链码包 ID` 必须一致：

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endorsement failure during invoke. response: status:500 message:"make sure the chaincode fabcar has been successfully defined on channel mychannel and try again: chaincode definition for 'basic' exists, but chaincode is not installed"

调用成功后可在控制台查看链码输出：

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2022-04-05 14:25:16.529 CST 0001 INFO [chaincodeCmd] chaincodeInvokeOrQuery -> Chaincode invoke successful. result: status:200 payload:"[{\"ID\":\"asset1\",\"color\":\"blue\",\"size\":5,\"owner\":\"Tomoko\",\"appraisedValue\":300},{\"ID\":\"asset2\",\"color\":\"red\",\"size\":5,\"owner\":\"Brad\",\"appraisedValue\":400},{\"ID\":\"asset3\",\"color\":\"green\",\"size\":10,\"owner\":\"Jin Soo\",\"appraisedValue\":500},{\"ID\":\"asset4\",\"color\":\"yellow\",\"size\":10,\"owner\":\"Max\",\"appraisedValue\":600},{\"ID\":\"asset5\",\"color\":\"black\",\"size\":15,\"owner\":\"Adriana\",\"appraisedValue\":700},{\"ID\":\"asset6\",\"color\":\"white\",\"size\":15,\"owner\":\"Michel\",\"appraisedValue\":800}]"

参考

Nisen. Fabric账号、cryptogen和fabirc-ca. github.io. [2018-06-19] ↩︎
Hyperledger. 成员服务提供者 (MSP). hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io. [2021-05-22] ↩︎
hubwiz.com. configtx.yaml中文详解. hubwiz.com. [2019-04-24 ] ↩︎